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Hormonal Health
Hormones are the body's messaging system. Understand the signals that shape energy, mood, body composition, and sleep.
Showing all 36 articles
Hormones are the body's messaging system. Understand the signals that shape energy, mood, body composition, and sleep.
Showing all 36 articles
Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by fat tissue that helps coordinate how the body uses sugar and fat for fuel. It is widely studied for its associations with insulin sensitivity, healthy metabolism, and cardiovascular and inflammatory balance.
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Adrenaline and its related catecholamines are rapid-acting signaling molecules released by the adrenal glands and nervous system during stress. They are studied for their role in the acute fight-or-flight response, mobilizing energy, heart rate, and alertness within seconds.
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Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone made by the adrenal glands that helps the body balance sodium and potassium. Through this role in fluid and electrolyte handling, it is closely tied to blood pressure and overall circulatory regulation.
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Circadian disruption is the misalignment between the body's internal 24-hour clock and the external light-dark cycle, common with shift work, jet lag, and irregular sleep. It is studied for its association with shifted hormonal rhythms affecting sleep, metabolism, mood, and long-term health.
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The circadian rhythm is the body's roughly 24-hour internal clock, synchronized largely by light, that times sleep, alertness, metabolism, and hormone release. Keeping it well aligned is studied for its role in sleep quality, energy, mood, and long-term metabolic and hormonal health.
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Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone made by the adrenal glands that helps mobilize energy, sharpen alertness, and coordinate the body's response to stress. It follows a natural daily rhythm and is studied for its central role in metabolism, blood sugar, immune balance, and the sleep-wake cycle.
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The cortisol awakening response is the rapid surge in cortisol that occurs in the first 30 to 45 minutes after waking. Because it reflects how the stress axis and circadian clock are functioning, it is studied as a sensitive marker of adrenal regulation, sleep quality, and resilience.
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Cortisol-melatonin balance describes the roughly opposite daily rhythms of two hormones: cortisol, which rises in the morning to promote wakefulness, and melatonin, which rises at night to signal darkness and rest. Their timing and interplay are studied for their central role in sleep quality, daytime energy, and overall circadian health.
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DHEA is a steroid hormone made mainly by the adrenal glands that serves as a building block for other hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. Because its levels naturally decline with age, it is widely studied for its associations with vitality, resilience, and hormonal balance.
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Erythropoietin, or EPO, is a hormone released mainly by the kidneys in response to low oxygen that tells the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. Through this oxygen-sensing role, it sits at the center of how the body maintains healthy red cell mass and tissue oxygen delivery.
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Estradiol (E2) is the most potent of the body's naturally occurring estrogens and a key signaling hormone in both women and men. It is studied for wide-ranging roles in bone density, mood, cognition, sexual health, and cardiovascular and metabolic physiology.
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Free T3 is the unbound, biologically active fraction of triiodothyronine, the thyroid hormone that engages receptors inside cells. It is measured as a marker studied for its role in metabolic rate, energy production, and how the body converts and uses thyroid hormone at the tissue level.
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Free T4 is the unbound, biologically available fraction of thyroxine, the main hormone the thyroid gland secretes. As a lab marker it reflects the circulating reserve of thyroid hormone that tissues convert to the more active T3 on demand.
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FSH and LH are gonadotropin hormones released by the pituitary gland that signal the ovaries and testes. Together they are studied as central regulators of the reproductive axis, guiding egg and sperm development and the production of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone.
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Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone best known for signaling hunger and rising before meals. It is studied for its role in appetite timing, meal anticipation, energy balance, and its broader influence on growth hormone release and metabolism.
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GLP-1 is an incretin hormone released by the gut after eating that helps signal fullness and coordinate the body's response to a meal. It is widely studied for its role in appetite, satiety, insulin release, and steady blood sugar.
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Growth hormone is a protein hormone released by the pituitary gland that helps coordinate tissue growth, repair, and metabolism throughout life. It is secreted in natural pulses, works largely through the liver-derived messenger IGF-1, and is widely studied for its associations with body composition, recovery, and healthy aging.
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the body's central stress-response system, linking the brain to the adrenal glands to regulate cortisol. Supporting its rhythm and feedback is studied for its role in energy, mood, sleep and resilience.
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IGF-1 is a hormone made mainly by the liver in response to growth hormone, and it carries out many of growth hormone's effects on cells and tissues. Because it circulates steadily, it is widely studied as a reliable window into growth-hormone activity, growth, and repair.
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Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that lets cells take up glucose from the blood and store energy after meals. It is central to how the body manages blood sugar, fat and protein metabolism, and is studied for its role in long-term metabolic health.
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Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells respond less efficiently to the hormone insulin, prompting the pancreas to release more of it to keep blood sugar in range. It is a central pattern in metabolic health that has been studied in relation to weight, energy, cardiovascular markers and healthy aging.
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Iodine is an essential trace mineral the body cannot make, and it is the irreplaceable raw material the thyroid uses to build its hormones. Thyroid nutrition looks at iodine alongside the cofactors, such as selenium, iron, and zinc, that together support healthy hormone synthesis and metabolism.
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Leptin is a hormone released by fat cells that signals the brain about the body's energy stores and helps regulate appetite. Because its levels rise and fall with fat mass, it is studied for its central role in hunger, metabolism, and long-term body-weight balance.
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Light is the master signal that sets the body's internal clock, timing hormones such as melatonin and cortisol. When and how brightly you are exposed to light is studied for its influence on sleep, alertness and circadian health.
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Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland in response to darkness that tells the body it is nighttime and helps set the timing of sleep. It is studied for its central role in circadian rhythm, sleep onset, and the body's internal clock.
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Parathyroid hormone is the body's primary conductor of calcium and phosphate balance, released by the parathyroid glands to keep blood calcium within a tight range. It acts on bone, kidney, and indirectly the gut, and is closely studied for its central role in bone remodeling.
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Perimenopause and menopause mark the natural shift in ovarian hormone production, as estrogen and progesterone gradually decline and menstrual cycles change and eventually end. This transition is studied for its wide-ranging effects on sleep, mood, temperature regulation, bone, heart, and metabolic health.
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Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced mainly after ovulation that helps prepare and maintain the uterine lining and balances the effects of estrogen. It is studied for its roles in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, sleep, and mood, and its calming activity in the brain.
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Reverse T3 is a biologically inactive metabolite of thyroxine that the body produces when it down-regulates thyroid activity, often during stress, illness, or caloric restriction. It is studied as a lab marker that may add nuance to how thyroid conversion and cellular energy demands are interpreted.
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SHBG is a liver-made transport protein that binds testosterone and estrogen in the bloodstream, controlling how much circulates free and available to tissues. It is measured as a key marker studied for its role in interpreting sex-hormone status and metabolic health.
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Deep, slow-wave sleep is the period when the body releases much of its growth hormone and shifts into repair and recovery mode. Because this nightly release is tied closely to sleep quality and circadian timing, it is widely studied as a window into hormonal health, tissue repair, and healthy aging.
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Testosterone is the principal androgen hormone in the body, made mainly in the testes and, in smaller amounts, the ovaries and adrenal glands. It is studied for its wide-ranging role in muscle and bone, sexual function, mood, energy, and metabolic health across the lifespan.
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Thymic hormones are a family of peptides produced by the thymus gland that help guide the development and coordination of immune cells. Because the thymus shrinks with age, these signals are widely studied for their associations with immune balance, resilience, and healthy aging.
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Thyroid antibodies are immune proteins the body can direct against its own thyroid tissue, most commonly thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg). Measuring them is studied as a way to recognize autoimmune thyroid patterns and to add context to thyroid hormone and TSH results.
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TSH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland that instructs the thyroid to make thyroid hormone. Because it responds sensitively to circulating thyroid hormone, it is one of the most-studied first-line markers for assessing how thyroid regulation is functioning.
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Vitamin D is unusual: though called a vitamin, the body converts it into a true steroid hormone that acts on receptors in tissues throughout the body. It is studied for its role in calcium balance, bone strength, immune signaling, and broad metabolic health.
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